AORTIC VALVE

MITRAL VALVE

TRICUSPID VALVE

PULMONARY VALVE

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VALVULAR ANATOMY

AORTIC VALVE

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• The main coronary trunks can be considered to lie in one of two orthogonal planes
  
• The LAD and PDA lie in the plane of the interventricular septum,
  
• RCA and Circumflex coronary trunks lie in the plane of the atrioventricular valves
  
• LAO 60° Projection:  is looking down the interventricular septum plane, with the AV valves plan seen en face
• RAO 30° Projection: is looking down the AV valves plan, with the interventricular septum plan seen en face
  

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LAO View - RCA

LAO View: Best for demonstrating :

1. Ostium of the RCA
2. Mid-portion of RCA
3. Bifurcation of the posterolateral branch (PL ) and the posterior descending branch (PDA)  

RAO View - RCA

RAO View: Best  for demonstrating:

1. Mid-portion of the RCA
2. Extent of the PDA. 
3. Ostium is not well imaged in this view.

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RAO CAUDAL - LCA

RAO Caudal view is best for

1. Distal Left Main Stem (LMS)
2. Proximal segment of the LAD
3. Circumflex artery (Cx) and its branches

RAO CRANIAL - LCA

RAO Cranial view is best for the LAD and diagonal branches

LATERAL VIEW - LCA

LAO (90°) Straight (Lateral) View: shows the Mid-LAD and the Circumflex arteries

LAO CRANIAL - LCA

LAO Cranial View: Best demonstrating 

1. Ostium of the LMS
2. Origin of the diagonals from the LAD

SPIDER VIEW - LAO CAUDAL

SPIDER VIEW - LAO CAUDAL

SPIDER VIEW - LAO CAUDAL

LAO Caudal View (SPIDER VIEW): Best for 

1. Distal LMS
2. Proximal LAD
3. Proximal Circumflex artery
4. Ramus Intermedius branch (RI)
   

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